The first set of 5th edition of RMB 100 yuan RMB back of the first set of 5th edition 100 back Beihai Park

Beihai Park is located in the center of Beijing, is China’s oldest, best-preserved imperial garden of one of integrity, since there are nearly thousands of years. Park covers an area of 68 hectares (39 hectares of which the surface), mainly by the Qionghua Island, the east coast of the composition of the north shore of scenic spots. The development of the North Sea began in the Liao Dynasty garden. Beihai Park in 1925 into the external opening

The back of the second set of two yuan Baotashan yan’an
   Yan’an Baotashan & Jia Ling Mountains, located southeast of Yan’an City, Yanhe Sea. Yan’an in the mountains can be a bird’s eye view of the city. Because of the mountains there are towers, often referred to as Baotashan. 1135.5 meters high mountain, the mountain pagoda was built in the Tang, the Ming Dynasty is the architecture. Flat octagonal, nine-storey, about 44 meters high, pagoda-style pavilion. Baotashan Yan’an revolutionary sites is an important symbol and a symbol of "Only Baotashan boarded, Yan’an to be true."
The back of the second set of three yuan Dashiqiao I Jinggangshan Longyuan

Jinggangshan is located at the mouth Longyuan, it is the sharing of resources and Jinggangshan national scenic areas, the first Jinggangshan struggle to defend the history of warfare and the Red Army first big victory – Longyuan victory here occurred in the mouth; the territory of Mao period have in Jinggangshan Chairman of the President of the first person to create a rural party branches – branch of the former site of the fall of the river party. This is the patriotism education base, but also leisure, a good place for Health & Wellness.

The fourth set of RMB 1 the back of the Badaling Great Wall
   Badaling Great Wall known as the Kowloon-side, one of the world, is the essence of the Great Wall and the outstanding representative of the Great Wall is open to tourists in the first lot. Badaling excellent geographical location, since ancient times to Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, the traffic in Zhangjiakou. So far, the Badaling Great Wall has received more than 120 million Chinese and foreign tourists passengers, more than 370 foreign heads of state and the world left behind in the footsteps of man

2 yuan fourth dorsal column Tianyi South
   Coin design on the Arts has done a deal – let boulder standing in the big waves, and spectacular it is powerful, in fact, the location of this rock in the beach. Scientists say warming sea level rise in recent years, there may be two yuan a day on the logo will become a reality. "South Tianyi column" is said to be years of the Qing Dynasty Xuantong Fan ladder know the book states.

The fourth set of back five yuan Wu
   Wu Gorge East since the Daning River in Wushan County, the only ferry to Badong County, a total length of 46 kilometers, there are known Daxia to deep beauty in the world is surprising good. Wu Gorge Qunfeng the two sides in order to peak for the 12 odd that they own, especially in the most fiber Beauty Goddess Peak.
"Xiufeng more than 12, more sporadic peaks of millions." Wu Gorge is the most consistent of the Three Gorges, the most orderly of the canyon.

This is the world’s highest peak, Mount Everest, the summit elevation of rock surface elevation of 8844.43 meters.
Parameters: Everest summit rock surface elevation measurement accuracy ± 0.21 m; peak snow depth of 3.50 meters.

The fourth set of RMB 50 back Hukou Waterfall of the Yellow River Hukou Waterfall of the Yellow River Basin is a great spectacle, it is China’s second largest waterfall.Yi Chuan Hukou County is located in Shaanxi Province and Shanxi Province at the junction of Jixian. Flow to the Yellow River Hukou, the width of the river bed 400 meters to the sudden contraction of about forty to fifty meters, the water pouring down the Pentium, as if from a giant dumping Hukou, so named "Hukou." Due to river erosion, Hukou waterfall upstream every year to move a short distance, now 50 coins on the scene, several hundred years will disappear forever in the roaring water of the Yellow River.

The fourth set of RMB 100 back Jinggangshan / Jinggangshan is located in the southwest of Jiangxi Province, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces, located at the junction of the middle LuoXiao Mountain, ancient "at the turn of the Hunan-Jiangxi Heng Chen, thousands of miles of abdominal LuoXiao" known. In 1927, China Jinggangshan gcd created in China’s first rural revolutionary base. In the annals of the Chinese revolution, Jinggangshan the "cradle of Chinese revolution," "the cornerstone of the People’s Republic", "Hill the best in the world."

Fifth set of RMB 1 back SanTanYinYue
   The RMB on the image is not entirely realistic, photographers can get the angle where two stone pagodas.SanTanYinYue, Hangzhou West Lake, one of sites located in central-southwest of West Lake, and HuXinTing, Nguyen collectively known as "the lake islands," as if the ancient legends of China’s three islands of Penglai, it is also called small Yingzhou. Northern Song Dynasty, when the full moon has become a good lake Department. Ming Zhang Ning poem goes: "Health and on the sea-chip, all prescribed SanTan . Night boat singing and dancing, the Bank of China in the mirror."

Fifth set of five yuan on the back of Mountain View Peak
   5 yuan to a fifth set of images is of the back of Mount Tai, but the pattern of space use of "montage" means the "Five Sacred Mountains Only" Tarzan of the stone and the main peak on the two scenes together, in reality, can not see this the landscape. Taishan in Chinese culture can be said to be the first mountain, although it is only 1546 meters above sea level, but a very high standing in the imperial worship is where the sky and the earth, first of all, the imperial power to declare itself the world to follow the Way of Heaven

Fifth set of RMB 10 back in Qutangxia entrance
   Is the west gate of the Three Gorges, also known as "JueTang off", in the towering Baidicheng magnificent, it is the gateway to access the Sichuan Basin. Baidicheng from the east, the Yangtze River Three Gorges Project will go to the most west Qutangxia a total distance of about 8 kilometers, the shortest in the Three Gorges, the most magnificent but dangerous. Du Fu’s poem goes: "BaiDi high for the Three Gorges town JueTang related risk in prison more than a hundred."

The back of a fifth set of RMB 20 Guilin scenery Guilin scenery JiaTianXia, the country’s business card, how can less the "best in the world" of the scenery? Guilin is a world-renowned scenic city tour, Lijiang River water clarity is beautiful and unique in the world with karst. "Shan, Shueisiou, Qi-dong, Shi Mei" is the Guilin "four no."

RMB 50 to a fifth set of the back of the Potala Palace in Tibet
   In order to produce a fifth set of RMB 50 coupons the Potala Palace, the Shanghai Banknote Printing and Mint came to Lhasa, the two high-level art study. They are looking for a long time, and ultimately in a water plant on top of the plant to find the "best point of view." Them to take pictures here, map, cut and polish the bills and the final design of the logo on the yuan. Potala Palace was built in the 7th century is the king of Tibet Songtsen for married Princess Wen Cheng of the Tang Dynasty built. In Lhasa, more than 3.7 thousand meters above sea level on the construction of the Red Hill housing 999 of the palace buildings. Main body of 13-storey palace, 115 meters high.

All is opportunity to have fun Where that one is, to the country or to the city, at someone or to the restaurant, one sees the Chinese playing.

To the daily, the games of the Chinese make themselves in a cordial and passionate ambiance that reinforces the domestic and social tie. Here is a fast presentation of the most popular and the oldest among them:

The mah-jong:  this game looks a little like the rummy and be played with 144 tiles (of the big dominoes). The winner is the one that succeeds the first in achieving some combinations with his18 tiles.

The Game of Go (weiqi):  one of the play oldest of dyes it. He depends on a tray squared of 361 intersections and or the black and white pawns stand by turns. The principle is to surround the adversary and to constitute the vast territory thus. Some parts of game of Go last several days.

The Chinese failures:  are similar enough to the international failures. However they are played on the intersections and the king cannot move that in hispalace (9 slots). The Queen doesn’t exist but there are two cannons that move like a tower and that eats the adverse pieces like a Lady to the game of checkers.

The Chinese are also mad about the games of silvers and bets (although the bets are normally forbidden by the Chinese authorities).

The place, the most famous dyes some for the games of money is Macao. The city is famous all over the world to be a sort of Asian Las Vegas. The casinos are open days and nights non stop but the score of millions of renmimbi that there spends every days attract the gangs, the racket and prostitution.

To the daily, all is object to bet:  shopping, bingo, sporty match. In the countries of some provinces one organizes fights of crickets for example. The games of silvers and the bets caused however and caused again the ruins numerous families dyes some. Besides the Chinese mafia exercises there to the national level a more and more important control. These last years have perceived also that hisactivity went until in the world of the bettors many European countries.

INTRODUCTION

Every player possesses:

1 general (equivalent of the king) 5 soldiers (equivalent of the pawns) 2 Mandarins or guards 2 elephants 2 horses (equivalent of the riders) 2 wagons (equivalent of the towers) 2 cannons A river separates the two camps. The pieces don’t have the same name according to their camp.

The Xiangqi is played more quickly than the western failures where the gate of the pawns is more important, besides the cannons (or even below) jump to take, what makes early of them a threat in the game. Besides, when in the failures the battle focuses most of the time in the central slots, in the xiangqi this last seems on the contrary to develop itself/themselves simultaneously all around of the game tray.

The combinations of game rise roughly to 10150.

HISTORIC

The oldest traces are situated between 569 (has a controversy to this topic) and 800.Il possess a common ancestor with the western failure game (of which he could be therefore the ancestor, for the same reason as the Indian game, the chaturanga, and that the game Persian shatrang) and the shogi. Let’s note that in the past the name xiangqi has been given to games of tray others that the Chinese failures.

Korea developed a variant of the xiangqi named Janggi (as written changgi, janghi, tjyang keui or failures Koreans). The janggi drifts of a former version of the xiangqi. The rules are similar;  in what follows, the specific rules to the Korean variant will be mentioned explicitly.

CONTROLLED

The pieces, constituted of disks marked of a sign identifying them, are placed on the intersections of the lines (as in the go). The two objectors are on one hand the reds, that advance in first, and of the other the bruises or the blacks (the green in Korea). The central row of squares is called the river. Every side has a palace that is of 3 lines on 3 (i.e. 9 positions) placed in the center of every side in border of the tray.

THE PIECES

The General

He is marked with the character Chinese shuài (.) on the red side and jiàng (.) on the blue side. These are indeed military generals, although they are the equivalent of the kings in the western failure game. The legend says that an emperor had two players executed for " murder" either " capture" of the piece emperor, of the stroke the future players called it general.

The general begins the game in the central intersection on the border (inside the palace). He can move vertically of a slot or horizontally, but ever diagonally. When the general is lost, the part is lost. He cannot leave the palace, even though he can capture the hostile general theoretically while moving along a line as a tower would make it in the failures. But as it is illegal to get in failure, a player cannot make any movement that would drive to put the two generals one in front of the other on a same line without any other piece between them. It is a piece important of the game, because he often plays a role in the setting up of the mat, all especially when a lot of other pieces have been exchanged.

The Guards

They are marked. for the reds and. for the bruises (all two decisions shì). These are of high commissioners, i.e. of the members of the advice serving the commander-in-chief. They are called guards, because they remain close to the general, or attending or Mandarins. They are placed to the left and the general’s right. These are the weakest pieces because they cannot move that of a slot diagonally and cannot take the palace.

The guards have a somewhat ambivalent aspect:  if they can be useful to protect the general (mainly against the wagons) or to avoid an open line facing each other of the hostile general, they can also offer a piece of cover for the cannons (to see the displacement of this piece) and to embarrass the general’s movements within his palace.

Korean version:  the general and the guards can each to move until each of the 9 positions of the palace, while following the lines of the tray. There are 4 diagonal lines in the palace that join the position central to the corners.

The Ministers or Elephants

Named ministers (. xiàng) for the reds and elephants (. xiàng) for the bruises, these pieces are situated to the left and the right of the guards. They move of precisely 2 slots in diagonal, and cannot jump over another piece. Their role is merely defensive because they cannot clear the river.

Korean version:  the elephants move of two slots in diagonal more a horizontal or vertical additional movement while moving away of the initial position, that closes the side opposed of a rectangle 2*3. They can clear the river.

Note:  the Chinese characters for " minister" and " elephant" are homophone.

The Horse

Called horse m.  (. either.) of the two sides, this piece is similar to the rider of the international failures. However the horse cannot also jump over another piece it is important to note that he first moves of one straight up point or horizontally and then of one point in diagonal, while moving away of his initial position.

Korean version:  the movement of the horse is as the one of the elephant, finishing his movement in the side opposed of a rectangle 1*2.

The Wagon

He is marked j.  (. either.) of the two sides. As the tower of the failures, the wagon (or car) moves and takes along a vertical or horizontal right line. The two wagons start the game in the corners.

The Cannons

Marked pào (.) for the reds and bào (.) for the bruises. Every player possesses two cannons. The cannons are placed on the row behind the soldiers, directly before the riders. They move precisely as the wagons, but their way to capture is different. To capture a piece, he must have a piece there precisely (friend or hostile) between the cannon and the piece to take. Then the cannon moves until this point and capture the piece. The cannons are powerful in the beginning of the part when them " hedges" are numerous, but lose the value quickly with the war of wear.

The cannon is certainly the most disconcerting piece for the player accustomed to the western failures;  he modifies complex manner the concepts of failure indeed to the discovery, of double failure, and of nailing.

Korean version:  the other piece on which the cannon jumps must not be another cannon. The cannons can jump to move as to capture.

The Soldiers

They are marked b.ng (.) (soldiers) for the reds and zú (.) (bandits) for the bruises. Every camp possesses 5 soldiers. They are placed on the third line, a slot out of two.

They move and capture right. Once they cleared the river, they can also move (and to capture) of a slot horizontally. They don’t have a promotion when they reach the side of the adverse land, but they can move from side to side.

Korean version:  the soldiers can move and can capture horizontally since their first movement.

END OF THE GAME

The game ends when one of the generals is captured or when no legal movement is more possible. In this last case, the person who doesn’t have a legal movement loses.

Korean version:  the failure is announced while declaring " janggun"  (i.e. (I capture your General!). To come out of the jaggun is called munggun, and one must declare " munggun" when one comes out of the failure.

CONTROLLED VARIOUS

Contrary to the western failures, there is not of hopeless match by perpetual failure or repetition of position. If it was the case, there would be few conclusive parts between practiced players. If a position must be repeated, a referee is called to determine that is offending. In practice the referee asks the player who is losing to do a different movement. The player who leads can manage therefore to get an advantage. But it is sometimes difficult to determine the offending, and different referees can take different decisions concerning the player who must replay. Sometimes the repetition is forced of the two sides.

In the Chinese and Korean rules, it is illegal to do a movement that would make appear a line non obstructed between the two generals. If such a movement is done, a bitjang results from it;  bitjang is declared then, and the replayed stroke.

The technique of game practiced by the girls is described in a poem of Chen Weisong, poet of the dynasty of the Qings (1644-1911). He considers that the jian zi requires more address than soccer and present more interest than the failures.

There are four ways to play the wheel:  flap (to play alternately with the interior side of the two feet), guai (to bend the legs and to play with the outside side of the foot), ke (to play with the knees) and beng (to throw and to play with the tip of the foot).

In the antique, the wheel was manufactured with metallic pieces and feathers. Today, there is some of different sorts:  of the wheels with a pedestal made of metal and feathers made of paper;  of others, with a button in manner of pedestal and feathers made of material;  finally, of the jian zi all in plastic.

The arrival of the western modern sports in China didn’t start the reputation of the jian zi that remains always one of the favorite sports of the Chinese. He is practiced where, as well inside that outside. It is the reason for which he is so popular in China.

The jian zi is also played in competition at Beijing, Shanghai, as well as especially in the provinces of the Guangdong, Zhejiang, Hebei, Hunan, Fujian, Shandong,. One distinguishes contests of two types:  in simple or in team.

The jian zi is a healthy game that develops a better breathing, encourage the circulation of blood and improve the metabolism. Today, this sport became inescapable, even in the offices.

The Constitution of People’s Republic of China, adopted in 1982, stipulates that China used the flag and the emblem national that had been chosen on the eve of the proclamation of the popular Republic October 1st, 1949, at the time of the 1 era Conference Consultative politics of the Chinese people.

In June 1949, during the first session of the preparatory Committee of the political consultative Conference a committee has been formed having for task to elaborate a project of flag, emblem and national anthem. The group inquired by various surroundings of the propositions of projects and, in one month, received 4912 projects of flag and 1120 of emblem. Then a project ended up being chosen. His/her/its inventor is Weng Liansong, that worked then at the modern economy agency in Shanghai.

The national flag of People’s Republic of China is a red flag of oblong format (3×2), that carries on the left in top five yellow stars:  a big and four small. The five yellow stars to five branches concentrate in the left superior part of the flag;  the four smaller form a semi-circle on the right of a bigger star. The five stars symbolize the big union of the whole people (the small stars), around the Chinese Communist Party, the big star. The red is the symbol of the revolution and the yellow, the one of light flooding the Chinese territory.

The red flag to five stars has been hoisted for the first time on the place of Tiananmen October 1st, 1949. Since this day, he became the national flag and face like such in the Constitutions of 1954, 1975, 1978 and 1982.

Other less official sources also present their version

1 – the red color of the flag is the traditional color of the revolution;  the big golden star represents "the common Program of the Communist Party"; and the small golden stars represent the four classes united by the common program:

    * the workers (. g.ng) * the peasants (. nóng) * the "lower middle class" (….. xi.oz.ch.n chéngshì;  or more classically. sh.ng:  trading, merchant) * the "patriotic capitalists" (…. z.ch.n mínzú, or more classically. xué:  literate)

2 – one finds another interpretation that relates to the period of the foundation of Republic of China by Sun Yat-sen (1911):  the big star would represent the majority population, the Hans (the Chinese ethnic group strictly speaking);  the four small, the four main minorities at the time:  Manchurian, Tibetans, Mongol and Doors (….) and today the minorities ethniques in general.

The number five (has five present stars on the flag) is traditionally a number pomp in the Chinese culture, all as the red color, that is also the symbol of the socialist revolution by a happy coincidence.